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The youth of today' has long been a source of curiosity to older generations, and sociologists and criminologists are no exception to this trend. Over the past 100 years, there have been attempts both to explain society's fascination with the younger generation, and to delineate young people's experiences within a theoretical framework. Young people have always been discussed as troublesome, or in trouble, and this module takes this as its main theme. However, youthful crime and indiscretion cannot be divorced from the transition from youth to adulthood. Therefore, we will also spend some time on the more general sociological issues that have arisen in the field of the sociology of youth. Of course, the sub-discipline's subject matter is something we all know about from our own experience: indeed, most if not all of you taking this unit would be considered prime targets for contemporary sociologists of youth!

This module is designed to introduce you to some of the central themes and concepts in the sociology of youth and criminological concerns with youth crime, and to some of the key substantive concerns of contemporary youth researchers. With regard to the former, we will explore the social construction of youth and youth crime, dominant discourses surrounding the study of youth, subcultural approaches to youth, the youth transitions tradition, and more recent approaches drawing on theories of reflexive modernisation, which have explored the nature and extent of processes of detraditionalisation and individualisation in young people’s lives. Along the way, we will touch upon the following substantive topics: youth subcultures, youth cultures in the context of globalisation, the youth labour market and what the impact is on young people excluded from it, household formation, the youth justice system, social exclusion and civic engagement, the rise of individualised lifestyles, debates concerning gender convergence, ‘post-feminism’, the purported ‘crisis in masculinity’ and broader generational change. Where possible, the course will shed further light on these themes by taking a cross-cultural perspective, with examples both from the UK and from a variety of international contexts, including a final session on young people in post-socialist Eastern Europe.

The youth of today' has long been a source of curiosity to older generations, and sociologists and criminologists are no exception to this trend. Over the past 100 years, there have been attempts both to explain society's fascination with the younger generation, and to delineate young people's experiences within a theoretical framework. Young people have always been discussed as troublesome, or in trouble, and this module takes this as its main theme. However, youthful crime and indiscretion cannot be divorced from the transition from youth to adulthood. Therefore, we will also spend some time on the more general sociological issues that have arisen in the field of the sociology of youth. Of course, the sub-discipline's subject matter is something we all know about from our own experience: indeed, most if not all of you taking this unit would be considered prime targets for contemporary sociologists of youth!

This module is designed to introduce you to some of the central themes and concepts in the sociology of youth and criminological concerns with youth crime, and to some of the key substantive concerns of contemporary youth researchers. With regard to the former, we will explore the social construction of youth and youth crime, dominant discourses surrounding the study of youth, subcultural approaches to youth, the youth transitions tradition, and more recent approaches drawing on theories of reflexive modernisation, which have explored the nature and extent of processes of detraditionalisation and individualisation in young people’s lives. Along the way, we will touch upon the following substantive topics: youth subcultures, youth cultures in the context of globalisation, the youth labour market and what the impact is on young people excluded from it, household formation, the youth justice system, social exclusion and civic engagement, the rise of individualised lifestyles, debates concerning gender convergence, ‘post-feminism’, the purported ‘crisis in masculinity’ and broader generational change. Where possible, the course will shed further light on these themes by taking a cross-cultural perspective, with examples both from the UK and from a variety of international contexts, including a final session on young people in post-socialist Eastern Europe.

The aim of this module is to develop students’ understanding of the principles and methods used to compensate for non-response following survey data collection and to enable them to design a strategy for compensating for non-response in a particular survey.

Competition law is a central mechanism through which the law seeks to regulate economic power and constrain the conduct of large firms in market economies. This module examines the principles and enforcement of UK competition law, focusing on how the law addresses market concentration, coordination between firms, and the behaviour of powerful businesses in both traditional and digital markets. It explores the continued relevance of EU competition law to UK doctrine and enforcement practice, reflecting the development of UK competition law within a shared European framework and its ongoing engagement with EU reasoning. Through case law, institutional analysis and contemporary examples, the module considers how competition law operates in practice, the challenges posed by platform markets, data and algorithmic decision-making, and the limits of competition law as a tool for controlling modern economic power.

Competition law is a central mechanism through which the law seeks to regulate economic power and constrain the conduct of large firms in market economies. This module examines the principles and enforcement of UK competition law, focusing on how the law addresses market concentration, coordination between firms, and the behaviour of powerful businesses in both traditional and digital markets. It explores the continued relevance of EU competition law to UK doctrine and enforcement practice, reflecting the development of UK competition law within a shared European framework and its ongoing engagement with EU reasoning. Through case law, institutional analysis and contemporary examples, the module considers how competition law operates in practice, the challenges posed by platform markets, data and algorithmic decision-making, and the limits of competition law as a tool for controlling modern economic power.

Competition law is a central mechanism through which the law seeks to regulate economic power and constrain the conduct of large firms in market economies. This module examines the principles and enforcement of UK competition law, focusing on how the law addresses market concentration, coordination between firms, and the behaviour of powerful businesses in both traditional and digital markets. It explores the continued relevance of EU competition law to UK doctrine and enforcement practice, reflecting the development of UK competition law within a shared European framework and its ongoing engagement with EU reasoning. Through case law, institutional analysis and contemporary examples, the module considers how competition law operates in practice, the challenges posed by platform markets, data and algorithmic decision-making, and the limits of competition law as a tool for controlling modern economic power.

Complex Analysis is the theory of functions in a complex variable. While the initial theory is very similar to Analysis (i.e, the theory of functions in one real variable as seen in the second year), the main theorems provide a surprisingly elegant, foundational and important insight into Analysis and have far-reaching and enlightening applications to functions in real variables.

After introducing differentiability of complex functions and contour integrals, the highlights of this module are presented: Cauchy’s Theorem, Cauchy’s Integral Formula and the Residue Theorem. Finally, the theory is applied to prove the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, to evaluate real integrals, to provide partial-fraction and infinite-product expansions of classical functions and to introduce and study the Gamma function (a fundamental function that for example affords an asymptotic formula for factorials and a computation of the integral of the Gaussian bell curve).

Complex Analysis is the theory of functions in a complex variable. While the initial theory is very similar to Analysis (i.e, the theory of functions in one real variable as seen in the second year), the main theorems provide a surprisingly elegant, foundational and important insight into Analysis and have far-reaching and enlightening applications to functions in real variables.

After introducing differentiability of complex functions and contour integrals, the highlights of this module are presented: Cauchy’s Theorem, Cauchy’s Integral Formula and the Residue Theorem. Finally, the theory is applied to prove the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, to evaluate real integrals, to provide partial-fraction and infinite-product expansions of classical functions and to introduce and study the Gamma function (a fundamental function that for example affords an asymptotic formula for factorials and a computation of the integral of the Gaussian bell curve).

The aim of this module is to provide a systematic treatment of integral transforms and their applications
in applied mathematics and engineering. Many classes of problems are difficult to solve in their original
domain. An integral transform maps the problem from its original domain into a new domain in which
it can more easily be solved. The solution can then be mapped back to the original domain with the
inverse integral transform.