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This core module sets the foundations for postgraduate study on international organised crime. It introduces students to the main principles underlying the emergence of organised crime, its history, and contemporary key theoretical and policy issues. Particularly since the post-Soviet era, organised crime has been dominating political and public discourse. The module will focus on multiple threats posed by organised criminal networks involved in a wide range of current crimes that fall under the umbrella term ‘organised crime’ eg cybercime, international fraud, and human and drug trafficking. It will explore the national, international and transnational, (i.e., ‘glocal’ and global) nature of this type of criminal activity and introduce key international actors in this field.

International commodity sales, located in the centre of a commercial network, are the driving force for marine transportation and cargo insurance. The international commodity market (including oil, as well as grain, foodstuffs, bulk ore) accounts for over 80 percent of global tonnage of goods shipped, with some of the largest companies in the world as players. The c.i.f. and f.o.b. contracts, which hold unique features over the generations of development, form the backbone of this market. This course covers the law of international sale of goods on shipment terms, represented by c.i.f. and f.o.b. contracts. It concentrates on English law that governs most contracts for international trading of commodities, wherever the trading parties may be in the world. It examines how English common law and the accompanying Sale of Goods Act 1979 help resolve disputes which arise, whether in litigation or arbitration, between international sellers and buyers around the world.

International commodity sales, located in the centre of a commercial network, are the driving force for marine transportation and cargo insurance. The international commodity market (including oil, as well as grain, foodstuffs, bulk ore) accounts for over 80 percent of global tonnage of goods shipped, with some of the largest companies in the world as players. The c.i.f. and f.o.b. contracts, which hold unique features over the generations of development, form the backbone of this market. This course covers the law of international sale of goods on shipment terms, represented by c.i.f. and f.o.b. contracts. It concentrates on English law that governs most contracts for international trading of commodities, wherever the trading parties may be in the world. It examines how English common law and the accompanying Sale of Goods Act 1979 help resolve disputes which arise, whether in litigation or arbitration, between international sellers and buyers around the world.

International commodity sales, located in the centre of a commercial network, are the driving force for marine transportation and cargo insurance. The international commodity market (including oil, as well as grain, foodstuffs, bulk ore) accounts for over 80 percent of global tonnage of goods shipped, with some of the largest companies in the world as players. The c.i.f. and f.o.b. contracts, which hold unique features over the generations of development, form the backbone of this market. This course covers the law of international sale of goods on shipment terms, represented by c.i.f. and f.o.b. contracts. It concentrates on English law that governs most contracts for international trading of commodities, wherever the trading parties may be in the world. It examines how English common law and the accompanying Sale of Goods Act 1979 help resolve disputes which arise, whether in litigation or arbitration, between international sellers and buyers around the world.

This module will review and discuss the state of the art in research on social welfare and human well-being and the one, and on social policies addressing these issues on the other hand. In the first part students will explore how previously dominant economic approaches towards social welfare have been challenged by researchers interested in basic needs and poverty (eg Streeten and Gough), but also by those making philosophical and psycho-sociological arguments, for example Sen and Nussbaum’s work on capabilities, Layard’s on happiness and Wilkinson’s on inequality and health. This is followed in the second part by the introduction of research on social policies in different welfare regimes. The link between these regimes and social welfare and well-being in different countries will then be studied. Overall, students will be encouraged to critically engage with these debates and to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches. They will also be introduced to different data sources which make it possible to measure human welfare and social policies globally, such as in the UN Human Development Index or the World Values Survey. For their assessment, students will be asked to use the different approaches and the data sources they have generated to assess the performance of human welfare of selected societies using a case study approach.

This module will review and discuss the state of the art in research on social welfare and human well-being and the one, and on social policies addressing these issues on the other hand. In the first part students will explore how previously dominant economic approaches towards social welfare have been challenged by researchers interested in basic needs and poverty (eg Streeten and Gough), but also by those making philosophical and psycho-sociological arguments, for example Sen and Nussbaum’s work on capabilities, Layard’s on happiness and Wilkinson’s on inequality and health. This is followed in the second part by the introduction of research on social policies in different welfare regimes. The link between these regimes and social welfare and well-being in different countries will then be studied. Overall, students will be encouraged to critically engage with these debates and to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches. They will also be introduced to different data sources which make it possible to measure human welfare and social policies globally, such as in the UN Human Development Index or the World Values Survey. For their assessment, students will be asked to use the different approaches and the data sources they have generated to assess the performance of human welfare of selected societies using a case study approach.

This module will review and discuss the state of the art in research on social welfare and human well-being and the one, and on social policies addressing these issues on the other hand. In the first part students will explore how previously dominant economic approaches towards social welfare have been challenged by researchers interested in basic needs and poverty (eg Streeten and Gough), but also by those making philosophical and psycho-sociological arguments, for example Sen and Nussbaum’s work on capabilities, Layard’s on happiness and Wilkinson’s on inequality and health. This is followed in the second part by the introduction of research on social policies in different welfare regimes. The link between these regimes and social welfare and well-being in different countries will then be studied. Overall, students will be encouraged to critically engage with these debates and to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches. They will also be introduced to different data sources which make it possible to measure human welfare and social policies globally, such as in the UN Human Development Index or the World Values Survey. For their assessment, students will be asked to use the different approaches and the data sources they have generated to assess the performance of human welfare of selected societies using a case study approach.

This module explores key questions in the area of international trade. Should countries trade freely with each other? What are the gains/losses from free trade and are they distributed evenly within the population? What are free trade agreements and what do they try to accomplish? What are the various trade policies used (e.g. tariffs, import quotas) and what are their implications for the consumers and the producers? These questions will be answered by analysing, among others, various standard trade models such as that of Ricardo and Heckscher-Ohlin.

This module explores key questions in the area of international trade. Should countries trade freely with each other? What are the gains/losses from free trade and are they distributed evenly within the population? What are free trade agreements and what do they try to accomplish? What are the various trade policies used (e.g. tariffs, import quotas) and what are their implications for the consumers and the producers? These questions will be answered by analysing, among others, various standard trade models such as that of Ricardo and Heckscher-Ohlin.

This module explores key questions in the area of international trade. Should countries trade freely with each other? What are the gains/losses from free trade and are they distributed evenly within the population? What are free trade agreements and what do they try to accomplish? What are the various trade policies used (e.g. tariffs, import quotas) and what are their implications for the consumers and the producers? These questions will be answered by analysing, among others, various standard trade models such as that of Ricardo and Heckscher-Ohlin.